Evolution of Fisheries and Aquaculture in India

to be included later

The Boson peak in supercooled water

We perform extensive molecular dynamics simulations of the TIP4P/2005 model of water to investigate the origin of the Boson peak reported in experiments on supercooled water in nanoconfined pores and in hydration water around proteins. We find that the onset of the Boson peak in supercooled bulk water coincides with the crossover to a predominantly low-density-like liquid below the Widom line TW. The frequency and onset temperature of the Boson peak in our simulations of bulk water agree well with the results from experiments on nanoconfined water. Our results suggest that the Boson peak in water is not an exclusive effect of confinement. We further find that, similar to other glass-forming liquids, the vibrational modes corresponding to the Boson peak are spatially extended and are related to transverse phonons found in the parent crystal, here ice Ih.We thank S. V. Buldyrev and S. Sastry for helpful discussions. The simulations were in part performed using resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at the NSC and HPC2N centers. LGMP, KTW and DS were supported by the Swedish Research Council. KTW is also supported by the Icelandic Research Fund through the START programme. PK acknowledges the support of National Academies Keck Future Initiatives award. HES thanks NSF Grants No. CHE0911389, No. CHE0908218, and No. CHE-1213217. (Swedish Research Council; Icelandic Research Fund through the START programme; National Academies Keck Future Initiatives award; CHE0911389 - NSF; CHE0908218 - NSF; CHE-1213217 - NSF)Published versio

Design and Analysis of 8x8 Wallace Tree Multiplier using GDI and CMOS Technology

Multiplier is a small unit of an arithmetic circuit that is widely used in Digital filters, Digital Signal Processing, microprocessors and communication applications etc. In today's scenario compact and small digital devices are critical concern in the field of VLSI design, which should perform fast as well as low power consumption. Optimizing the delay, area and power of a multiplier is a major design issues, as area and speed are usually conflicting constraints. A Wallace tree multiplier is an improved version of tree base multiplier. The main aim of this paper is a reconfigurable 8x8 Wallace Tree multiplier using CMOS and GDI technology. This is efficient in power and regularity without increase in delay and area. The generation of partial products in parallel using AND gates. The addition of partial products is reducing using Wallace Tree which is divided into levels. Therefore there will be a certain reduction in the power consumption, since power is provided only to the level that is involved in computation and the remaining two levels remain off

The Boson peak in supercooled water

We perform extensive molecular dynamics simulations of the TIP4P/2005 model of water to investigate the origin of the Boson peak reported in experiments on supercooled water in nanoconfined pores, and in hydration water around proteins. We find that the onset of the Boson peak in supercooled bulk water coincides with the crossover to a predominantly low-density-like liquid below the Widom line $T_W$. The frequency and onset temperature of the Boson peak in our simulations of bulk water agree well with the results from experiments on nanoconfined water. Our results suggest that the Boson peak in water is not an exclusive effect of confinement. We further find that, similar to other glass-forming liquids, the vibrational modes corresponding to the Boson peak are spatially extended and are related to transverse phonons found in the parent crystal, here ice Ih.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figure

Evaluation of acute oral toxicity study of essential oils (Eos) from Pogostemon benghalensis and P. cablin in Wistar rats

The use of crude herbal decoctions in the traditional treatment of diseases is a common practice.  Pogostemon benghalensis and P. cablin are commonly used for treatment of diverse categories of diseases such as infectious and non-infectious disease. Native people use the crude decoctions as bactericidal, antimalarial, anti-leshimania, anti-diarrheal and insecticidal activities. Its safety profile is not yet elucidated and therefore, this study was to analyze the acute toxicity of essential oils (Eos) from P. benghalensis and P. cablin as medicinal. Methods include acute toxicity study using male and female Wistar albino rats with single oral dose and followed up to 14 days as per the guidelines of OECD. Visual observations were carried regularly during the experimental period while body weight was measured weekly. Organ weight, clinical chemistry and hematology data were collected on the 7th and 14th days. Results were presented as mean ± standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried. Oral administration of Eos from P. benghalensis and P. cablin revealed no treatment-related mortality in female rats up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg. In acute toxicity studies, no remarkable treatment related anomalies were observed compared to negative controls. Food consumption, body weight, organ weight, hematology did not showed sound variation between controls and treatment groups. However, creatinine, triglycerides, and monocytes were lower in the treated groups in 7th day as compared to control groups. No significant variations between male and female groups in relative organ weight, hematology were noticed. In conclusion, the Eos from P. benghalensis and P. cablin showed LD50 > 3000 mg/kg in acute toxicity studies. Keywords: Pogostemon benghalensis, P. cablin, traditional medicine, safety, plant medicine, adverse effect, acute oral toxicit

An Approach to the Detection of Retinoblastoma based on Apriori Algorithm

Retinoblastoma is a rare kind of cancer, typically designated as leukocoria (white-eye pupillary reflex) that rapidly develops from the immature cells of a retina, the light-detecting tissue of the eye. It is the most common malignant cancer of the eye in young children. Early detection of leukocoria can improve the overall treatment duration.There is intensification in interest for setting up medical system that can monitor a large number of people for sight threatening diseases, likely Retinoblastoma and Diabetic Retinopathy.Developed an image processing application for the discovery of retinoblastoma by exploiting graph theory based apriori algorithm as a novel approach and different image processing techniques.The application will review the image with different phases and identifies region of interest of the threatened area in the retina.The software is implemented using MATLAB and developed a graphical user interface for smooth proceedings during identification stages of the disease

Automated Identification of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Survey

Diabetes strikes when the pancreas stops to produce sufficient insulin, gradually disturbing the retina of the human eye, leading to diabetic retinopathy. The blood vessels in the retina become changed and have abnormality. Exudates are concealed, micro-aneurysms and haemorrhages occur in the retina of eye, which intern leads to blindness. The presence of these structures signifies the harshness of the disease. A systematized Diabetic Retinopathy screening system will enable the detection of lesions accurately, consequently facilitating the ophthalmologists. Micro-aneurysms are the initial clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy. Timely identification of diabetic retinopathy plays a major role in the success of managing the disease. The main task is to extract exudates, which are similar in color property and size of the optic disk; afterwards micro-aneurysms are alike in color and closeness with blood vessels. The primary objective of this review is to survey the methods, techniques potential benefits and limitations of automated detection of micro-aneurysm in order to better manage translation into clinical practice, based on extensive experience with systems used by opthalmologists treating diabetic retinopathy

Tuning phase-stability and short-range order through Al-doping in (CoCrFeMn)100-xAlx high entropy alloys

For (CoCrFeMn)$_{100-x}$Al$_{x}$ high-entropy alloys, we investigate the phase evolution with increasing Al-content (0 $\le$ x $\le$ 20 at.%). From first-principles theory, the Al-doping drives the alloy structurally from FCC to BCC separated by a narrow two-phase region (FCC+BCC), which is well supported by our experiments. We highlight the effect of Al-doping on the formation enthalpy and electronic structure of (CoCrFeMn)$_{100-x}$Al$_{x}$ alloys. As chemical short-range order (SRO) in multicomponent alloys indicates the nascent local order (and entropy changes), as well as expected low-temperature ordering behavior, we use thermodynamic linear-response within density-functional theory to predict SRO and ordering transformation and temperatures inherent in (CoCrFeMn)$_{100-x}$Al$_{x}$. The predictions agree with our present experimental findings, and other reported ones.Comment: 27 pages, 9 figures, 1 tabl

DABCO promoted one-pot synthesis of dihydropyrano(c)chromene and pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives and their biological activities

AbstractA simple and efficient one-pot synthesis of heteroaryl substititued dihydropyrano(c)chromenes and pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines has been developed via initial Knoevenagel, subsequent Micheal and final heterocyclization reactions of heteroaryl aldehyde, malononitrile and barbituric acid/ dimedone. 1,4-Diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) has been used as a catalyst. Short reaction time, environment friendly procedure and excellent yields are the main advantages of this procedure. All synthesized compounds have shown good antimicrobial activity against different microbial stains

In silico Characterization of Industrial Important Cellulases using Computational Tools

Cellulases refer to a class of enzymes produced majorly by fungi, bacteria and protozoans that catalyze cellulolysis. Cellulase enzyme is used extensively in various industries, especially in textile, food and in the bioconversion of lignocellulosic wastes to alcohol. The extensive use of cellulase in industries depends on the cost of the enzyme and hence considerable research is being carried out to isolate better microbial strains and also to develop new fermentation processes with the aim to reduce the product cost. Cellulases from different strains of Pseudomonas species were analyzed using computational tools. The physicochemical properties of the selected cellulases were analyzed by using ExPASy’s ProtParam tool and it was found that the molecular weight (M.Wt) ranges between 40927.4-100058.7 Da. Isoelectric Points (pI) of all the organisms were found to be acidic in nature. The aliphatic index infers that all the cellulases are stable. The negative value of GRAVY indicates that there will be better interaction with water. The secondary structure prediction was done by SOPMA which showed that random coils dominated all the other conformations. Multiple sequence analysis and evolutionary analysis of cellulases were carried out by CLC workbench. The Phylogenetic analysis was done using Neighbour joining method. The 3D structures of cellualses were obtained by ESyPred 3D server. Keywords: Cellulases, Enzymes, ProtParam, SOPMA, ESyPred 3D